Modeling the Effect of Shear Stress on Deposition from “Waxy” Mixtures under Laminar Flow with Heat Transfer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A mathematical model is presented for solids deposition from multicomponent “waxy” mixtures under laminar flow in a small double-pipe heat exchanger. The model is based primarily on the moving boundary problem approach involving heat transfer with a phase change. A novel formulation based on the one-dimensional deformation of a cubical cage is proposed for incorporating the effect of shear stress on the deposition process. It is postulated that the application of shear stress causes tilting of the cubical cage, which leads to the release of a portion of the liquid phase. The tilted-cage deformation angle is estimated by matching the deposit-layer composition data from two recent experimental studies. A change in the deformation angle is predicted to result in a shift in the carbon-number distribution of the deposit. The shear stress is predicted to cause a wax enrichment of the deposit layer without affecting the deposit-layer thickness, which is governed mainly by heat-transfer and phase equilibrium considerations. The estimated deformation angle is shown to depend upon the fractional deposit thermal resistance (or the fractional temperature drop), deposit mass, and Reynolds number. The results of this study confirm that the deposition process is primarily thermally driven, while the deposit composition is influenced by shear stress and thermodynamic considerations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".