Bibliographic record
Abstract
Those sugary glycan moieties that adorn cell surface receptors are more than decoration. Their ability to prevent receptor endocytosis is well established. Now, Ken Lau, James Dennis (University of Toronto, Canada), and colleagues show that differences in receptors' glycan decorations time a cell's transition from growth to arrest. Receptors that promote growth generally have more sites for glycan addition than do receptors that halt growth and start differentiation. The authors found that these receptor groups responded differently to changes in metabolite status, which determines the complexity of the added glycans (more sugar-nucleotides means more intricately branched glycans are created in the Golgi). With their many glycans, growth receptors were cross-linked by sugar-binding galectins and retained on the surface even in stringent growth conditions. Receptors that promote differentiation required higher sugar-nucleotide levels before their fewer glycans gained enough galectin-binding branches to counter their loss by endocytosis. The upshot, says Dennis, is “a principle of how cells regulate the ratio of growth and arrest receptors in a cell-autonomous manner downstream of nutrients. First, an increase in proliferation is accompanied by glucose uptake and increased metabolism.” Then when metabolite flux sufficiently increases sugar-nucleotides and the branched glycans, differentiation receptors can accumulate, turning off proliferation. Reference: Lau, K.S., et al. 2007. Cell. 129:123–134. [PubMed]
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".