Access to visual short-term memory is postponed by a concurrent speeded auditory task in the psychological refractory period paradigm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous event-related potential studies have shown that a speeded auditory task interferes with the deployment of visual-spatial attention (as indexed by the N2pc component) and delays encoding into visual short-term memory (as indexed by the SPCN onset latency). However, it is unclear whether the delay of the SPCN reflects postponement or slowing of encoding in visual short-term memory. Since these previous studies only used visual tasks that required the deployment of visual-spatial attention, it is also unclear whether a delay in encoding would occur in absence of a deployment of visual-spatial attention. The goal of the present study was to investigate these two questions. A tone (T1) was presented, followed by a masked visual target (T2). The inter-stimulus interval between T2 and its mask (T2-mask ISI) was 133, 150, 167, or 183 ms. The T1–T2 stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was 300, 650, or 1000 ms. A speeded response was required only for T1. T2 was lateralized in Experiment 1 and presented at fixation in Experiment 2. In both experiments. mean reaction time to T1 as well as T1 accuracy were identical in all conditions. In both experiments, T2 accuracy increased as SOA increased, indicating that encoding into visual short-term memory was delayed during the PRP period even when T2 was presented at fixation. As expected, T2 accuracy increased as ISI increased in both experiments. Importantly, the rate at which T2 accuracy increased across ISI did not vary across SOAs, suggesting that speed of encoding was not affected by concurrent central processing in the auditory task. Conditional analysis based on Task1 difficulty corroborated the analyses based on effects of SOA. In sum, results suggest that access to visual short-term memory is postponed by a concurrent speeded auditory task, whether or not the visual task requires deployment of visual-spatial attention. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2012
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".