Two new Silurian species of<i>Eurypterus</i>(Chelicerata: Eurypterida) from Norway and Canada and the phylogeny of the genus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Synopsis A new species of Eurypterus from the Wenlock of Ringerike, Norway is described as E. hankeni sp. nov., based on fine pustular ornament on the carapace and opisthosoma, an enlarged distal podomere of the swimming leg and long angular epimera on the pretelson. Eurypterus species are reviewed: the oldest species, E. minor Laurie, 1898 from the Llandovery of the Pentland Hills in Scotland is redescribed and diagnosed as having eyes with large palpebral lobes, posterior second order opisthosomal differentiation, a coarse pustular ornament on both carapace and tergites and lacking the rows of raised scales found in other representatives of the genus. Material described previously and left in open nomenclature from the Late Ludlow of Somerset Island, Canada, is here named E. leopoldi sp. nov. It is relatively similar to E. pittsfordensis, but differs in the rhombiovate outline of the metastoma. An overview of morphological features carrying phylogenetic information in Eurypterus is provided. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that the earlier‐used gen us, Baltoeurypterus St⊘rmer, 1973, is not monophyletic and even use of the name for its type species only (and its sister taxon) will render Eurypterus paraphyletic, unless assigning most terminals to new genera. This is not considered appropriate and the genus name Eurypterus is here proposed for use for all species, including the three previously assigned to Baltoeurypterus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".