Transitional Zone and Anterior Peripheral Zone of the Prostate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Prognostically significant prostatic adenocarcinomas (PAC) may pose diagnostic problems if they were localized in the anterior peripheral zone (APZ) or transitional zone (TZ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 108 cases of PAC were reviewed along with serum PSA and TRUS biopsies. The PACs were divided into 22 TZ, 17 APZ and 69 posterior peripheral zone (PPZ) PACs according to the location of the main tumor mass in the TZ and anterior or posterior half of the peripheral zone in the radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. RESULTS: In comparison with PPZ PAC, TZ PAC had a higher cancer volume in RP specimens (4 +/- 2.1 vs. 2.5 +/- 1.7 cm3, p < 0.01), a higher serum PSA (16.5 +/- 9.8 vs. 8.4 +/- 4.5 microg/l, p < 0.001), a biopsy with a small cancer volume (3.8 +/- 2.1 vs. 11.8 +/- 9.4 mm, p < 0.005), and a lower Gleason's score (4.8 +/- 2.1 vs. 6.5 +/- 1.7). APZ PAC was characterized by the cancer volume in RP and biopsy and PSA intermediate between those of TZ and PPZ PAC. Among 24 PACs with a total cancer core length of <3 mm, 19 cases were from the TZ and APZ groups and also had a higher cancer volume and PSA than those from the PPZ group (2.9 +/- 1.8 vs. 1.5 +/- 1.3 and 13.7 +/- 8.3 vs. 9.6 +/- 4 microg/l, respectively). Furthermore, there was a better correlation coefficient (r(2)) of tumor volume in the biopsy and RP for PPZ than for all zones PAC (r2 = 0.75 vs. 0.29). TZ and APZ carcinomas were associated with extension or satellite nodules of PAC in the PPZ that may be diagnosed with biopsies. These PACs were associated with positive anterior resection margin due to extracapsular extension of the carcinoma or intracapsular dissection in 6 and 5 cases respectively. CONCLUSIONS: TZ and APZ PACs accounted for the poor correlation between the tumor volume in the biopsy and the RP, and were associated with positive anterior resection margins. One core biopsy with a total cancer core length of <3 mm and PSA >10 microg/l are suspicious for TZ and APZ PCA in patients with undetectable tumors with DRE or TRUS. Clinically insignificant PACs tend to be associated with cancer core <3 mm and PSA <10 microg/l.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".