Flag leaf physiological traits in two high-yielding Canada Western Red Spring wheat cultivars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Because of the common negative correlation between grain yield and grain protein (nitrogen) concentration, it is difficult to improve yield in the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) class, which characteristically possesses high quantity and quality of protein. Previous studies found that the increased yield of some new CWRS cultivars relative to old cultivars was mainly attributed to higher yield per spike and spike filling rate and more efficient carbohydrate and N partitioning to the grain. The objective of this study was to investigate if the yield increase of two new CWRS cultivars, AC Barrie (registered in 1996) and AC Elsa (registered in 1997), is associated with a change in photosynthetic rate or other physiological traits of flag leaves compared with two old cultivars, Neepawa (registered in 1969) and Marquis (introduced in 1909). No difference was found between new and old cultivars in flag leaf photosynthesis rate or nitrogen concentration. Both new cultivars tended to have lower specific leaf area (SLA) and higher N accumulation per leaf when flag leaves were young and more N remobilization during grain filling compared with old cultivars. Over the 2 yr, flag leaf N remobilizations of AC Elsa and AC Barrie averaged 69 and 32% higher than Marquis and 50 and 17% higher than Neepawa, respectively. The enhanced flag leaf N remobilization along with increased N remobilization from other organs of new cultivars shifted the undesirable negative relationship between grain yield and grain protein concentration. AC Elsa had greater total photosynthesis per flag leaf than other three cultivars due to its larger leaf area and longer green leaf duration. Further research is required to determine if low SLA, large flag leaf and long green leaf duration are effective selection criteria for high yielding CWRS cultivars. Key words: Flag leaf, photosynthesis, specific leaf area, nitrogen remobilization
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".