Risk Factors for Low Bone Density in Crohn's Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Osteopenia and osteoporosis are prevalent in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). We conducted a cross-sectional study on consecutive patients with CD to assess the prevalence and factors associated with low bone mass density (BMD). One hundred sixty-eight patients with CD were evaluated. Baseline demographics, medical and surgical history, calcium intake, physical activity, steroid use, Harvey Bradshaw Index, blood and urine tests, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were obtained. Sixty-seven (40%) and seventy-five (45%) patients had osteopenia of the femur and spine, respectively. Ten to 11% of patients had osteoporosis. Of the 40 patients who never used steroids, 19 (48%) had osteopenia of the femur and 12 (30%) of the spine. Significant associations were found between BMD and age, body mass index, and serum magnesium. Lifetime steroid use was a weaker predictor of bone loss. Duration of disease did not correlate with BMD when adjusted for age. At follow-up at a mean of 2 years, BMD declined in the femur but not the spine. However, those with ongoing steroid use had lower spine BMD. A significant number of patients with CD have osteopenia. Age was the most important predictor of bone loss. Significant proportion of steroid naive patients had osteopenia, which implies that mechanisms other than steroid use are also involved in bone loss in CD. Disease activity, systemic inflammation, and hormonal and genetic factors may all be important determinants of bone loss in CD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".