Evaluation of Echocardiography as a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk in Obese Children and Adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Childhood obesity is a global epidemic and its prevalence has increased from the early 1970s to the 1990s. The objective of the study was to compare the echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular (LV) geometry between obese and non-obese children. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study with 71 individuals aged 7 - 11 years, from Ribeirao Preto metropolitan region, was conducted. Personal data (sex and date of birth) were obtained for each subject, as well as anthropometric measurements (weight, height and abdominal circumference), arterial pressure and an echocardiogram. The individuals were classified according to their nutritional status in “obese” and “non-obese” groups. Results: There was no difference in gender (P = 0.81), with 48.6% boys in obese group and 52.9% in non-obese group. Similarly, there was no difference in age (P = 0.72), with a mean of 106.97 ± 19.59 months in obese group and a mean of 105.50 ± 13.61 months in non-obese group. Systolic and diastolic pressure values were higher in obese group. The study showed LV mass, LV 3 index, systolic arterial pressure and diastolic arterial pressure when the two groups were compared. LV 1 index, LV 2 index and relative LV wall thickness did not differ between groups. Conclusion: The study contributes to demonstrate the importance of transthoracic echocardiography as a marker of cardiovascular risk in obese children and adolescents. Int J Clin Pediatr. 2014;3(3):72-78 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/ijcp164w
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".