Carbon kinetic isotope effects in the gas‐phase reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons with the OH radical at 296 ± 4 K
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The carbon kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) of the room temperature reactions of benzene and several light alkyl benzenes with OH radicals were studied in a reaction chamber at ambient pressure using gas chromatography coupled with online combustion and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GCC‐IRMS). The KIEs are reported in per mil according to ɛ (‰) = (KIE − 1) × 1000, where KIE = k12/k13. The following average KIEs were obtained, (all in ‰): benzene 7.53 ± 0.50; toluene 5.95 ± 0.28; ethylbenzene 4.34 ± 0.28; o‐xylene 4.27 ± 0.05, p‐xylene 4.83 ± 0.81; o‐ethyltoluene 4.71 ± 0.12 and 1,2,4‐trimethylbenzene 3.18 ± 0.09. Our KIE value for benzene + OH agrees with the only reported value known to us [ Rudolph et al., 2000 ]. It is shown that measurements of the stable carbon isotope ratios of light aromatic compounds should be extremely useful to study atmospheric processing by the OH radical.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".