Deposition of magnetite particles from flowing suspensions under flow‐boiling and single‐phase forced‐convective heat transfer
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The deposition rate of colloidal magnetite particles was measured under both single‐phase forced‐convective and flow‐boiling conditions. All measurements were made at alkaline pH where both the heat transfer surface and the surface of the magnetite particles appear to be negatively charged. For single‐phase forced convection, the deposition rate constant is lower than the mass transfer coefficient for colloidal particles, and the difference is attributed to the force of repulsion between the negatively charged surfaces of the particle and substrate. The deposition rate measured under flow‐boiling conditions is lower than that reported for the deposition of colloidal particles at neutral pH. The difference is, again, attributed to the force of repulsion between the particle and substrate. Particle removal rates were significantly lower than deposition rates; analysis using the theory of turbulent bursts suggests a removal efficiency of only 10 −9 % for each turbulent burst. The low removal efficiency is consistent with the particle diameter being significantly smaller than the thickness of the laminar sublayer in these tests.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it