Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The technique of adenoidectomy has undergone many refinements over the years with, most recently, the addition of electrosurgery alone as a viable method for removal of adenoid tissue. Several studies have suggested good efficacy with this method. The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of adenoidectomy by electrosurgical ablation by the following measures: reduction of the adenoid size, blood loss, and postoperative complications. DESIGN AND METHODS: In this prospective study, we reviewed patients who underwent electrosurgical adenoid ablation for either nasal obstructive symptoms or chronic otitis media with effusion requiring a second or greater set of pressure equalization tubes and adenoidectomy. Preoperative and postoperative videonasopharyngoscopy were performed and evaluated. A grading system for adenoid size for the endoscopic parameters was used. The amount of blood loss and postoperative complications were recorded. RESULTS: On preoperative nasopharyngoscopy, 7 of 23 children had a grade II adenoid size, 15 of 23 had grade III adenoid pads, and 1 of 23 had grade IV adenoid size. Postoperative follow-up at 6 to 8 weeks revealed that 19 of 23 children showed no evidence of adenoid tissue. Three of 23 children had only tiny residual tissue that fell into grade I and one had regrowth of tissue to fit into grade III. Eight patients were seen at 6 months postoperatively, four of whom were followed up to 12 months postoperatively; all showed no evidence of regrowth of adenoid tissue. Average blood loss for the procedure was 2.6 cc. No postoperative complications (postoperative bleed, dehydration requiring hospitalization, infection, velopharyngeal insufficiency) were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Electrosurgical adenoid ablation is a safe method with minimal intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications. Follow-up at 6 to 8 weeks and up to 1 year postoperatively suggests that it is an effective method in removing adenoid tissue and alleviating nasal obstruction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".