Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Cry1Ab Protein from<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>and Their Application in an ELISA for Detection of Transgenic Bt-Maize
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several transgenic insect resistant maize varieties, commonly referred to as Bt-maize, express the gene for the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ab. As a method for the determination of Bt-maize, a sandwich-type ELISA for Cry1Ab was established. Monoclonal antibodies were developed by immunization of mice with trypsin-activated Cry1Ab. The secondary antibody was labeled with horseradish peroxidase, and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was used as chromogene. The detection limit was 0.4 ng ml m 1 of Cry1Ab. No (Cry1Ac, Cry1C, Cry2A, Cry3A) or only little (Cry9C) cross-reactivity with other Cry proteins was observed. Furthermore, the assay was applied to protein extracts from maize powder containing different amounts of Bt-maize from three different lines (Bt-176, Bt-11 and MON810). Using 100 mg maize per sample and Tris-borate buffer for rapid protein extraction, the minimum detectable mass fraction was 0.10% for Bt-11 and 0.23% for MON810. In contrast, Bt-176 maize could not be detected due to the fact that the Cry1Ab gene is not expressed in seed tissue of Bt-176 maize.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".