Dispersion of heavy particles in an isolated pancake-like vortex
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study is to characterize the dispersion of particles (mainly heavy particles) in a quasi two-dimensional axisymmetric pancake-like vortex. The velocity field for a pancake vortex is substituted into the Maxey-Riley equation, and the resulting equations are solved numerically. Particles that are denser than the surrounding fluid always move away from the vortex center. When the flow is initially seeded with a homogeneous distribution of particles of the same size and density, the particles accumulate in the outer region of the vortex. In addition, overtaking occurs if the Stokes number is large enough. The analysis of the concentration profiles in the horizontal plane of the vortex shows that accumulation of particles takes the form of a concentration wave that grows and travels away from the vortex center. A second peak of concentration appears when overtaking occurs. These concentration peaks dramatically increase the potential for collisions between particles and the potential for flocculation. Three-dimensional simulations show that this second peak only occurs when the vortex is sufficiently thick. Key words: particle dispersion, pancake vortex, Maxey-Riley equation, concentration profiles, flocculation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".