Iron Efflux from Astrocytes Plays a Role in Remyelination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
How iron is delivered to the CNS for myelination is not well understood. We assessed whether astrocytes can provide iron to cells in the CNS for remyelination. To study this we generated a conditional deletion of the iron efflux transporter ferroportin (Fpn) in astrocytes, and induced focal demyelination in the mouse spinal cord dorsal column by microinjection of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Remyelination assessed by electron microscopy was reduced in astrocyte-specific Fpn knock-out mice compared with wild-type controls, as was proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Cell culture work showed that lack of iron reduces the ability of microglia to express cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) involved in remyelination. Furthermore, astrocytes in culture express high levels of FGF-2 in response to IL-1β, and IGF-1 in response to TNF-α stimulation. FGF-2 and IGF-1 are known to be important for myelination. Reduction in IL-1β and IGF-1 were also seen in astrocyte-specific Fpn knock-out mice after LPC-induced demyelination. These data suggest that iron efflux from astrocytes plays a role in remyelination by either direct effects on OPCs or indirectly by affecting glial activation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".