BLOCK-PARALLEL SYSTOLIC-ARRAY ARCHITECTURE FOR 2-D NTT-BASED FRAGILE WATERMARK EMBEDDING
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Number-theoretic transforms (NTTs) have been applied in the fragile watermarking of digital images. A block-parallel systolic-array architecture is proposed for watermarking based on the 2-D special Hartley NTT (HNTT). The proposed core employs two 2-D special HNTT hardware cores, each using digital arithmetic over GF(3), and processes 4 × 4 blocks of pixels in parallel every clock cycle. Prototypes are operational on a Xilinx Sx35-10ff668 FPGA device. The maximum estimated throughput of the FPGA circuit is 100 million 4 × 4 HNTT fragile watermarked blocks per second, when clocked at 100 MHz. Potential applications exist in high-traffic back-end servers dealing with large amounts of protected digital images requiring authentication, in remote-sensing for high-security surveillance applications, in real-time video processing of information of a sensitive nature or matters of national security, in video/photographic content management of corporate clients, in authenticating multimedia for the entertainment industry, in the authentication of electronic evidence material, and in real-time news streaming.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it