Use of Fragmented Landscapes by Marbled Murrelets for Nesting in Southern Oregon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: As old‐growth forest becomes more fragmented in the Pacific Northwest ( U.S.A.), species dependent on large patches of old‐growth forest may be at greater risk of extinction. The Marbled Murrelet ( Brachyramphus marmoratus ), a seabird whose populations are declining in North America, nests in such old‐growth forests or forests with large remnant trees. Using logistic regression models on landscapes in southern Oregon, we addressed (1) whether old‐growth forest fragmentation was associated with use of an area by murrelets and (2) whether proximity to certain marine features was associated with use of forest fragments by murrelets. On a geographic information system vegetation map derived from satellite imagery, we placed circular plots of 400‐, 800‐, 1600‐, and 3200‐m radius over surveyed inland areas occupied or unoccupied by murrelets. Within each plot, spatial and other land‐ and seascape habitat variables were calculated and regressed against murrelet occupancy. Murrelets generally occupied low‐elevation inland sites in landscapes with relatively low fragmentation and isolation of old‐growth forest patches, and these sites were close to the coast, river mouths, and a major bay. Almost all occupied landscapes occurred in a fog‐influenced vegetation zone. Because nesting habitat with large amounts of interior forest is currently scarce in southern Oregon, management efforts should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous blocks of old‐growth forest, especially in areas near the coast.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".