Effects of burial by sand and inundation by fresh- and seawater on seed germination of five tropical beach species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plants growing on the beach are exposed to substrate mobility, freshwater inundation, and immersion in seawater, which greatly affect germination and species spatial distribution. In greenhouse experiments, we tested whether the most abundant species on the beach at La Mancha (on the Gulf of Mexico) were tolerant to burial and flooding. We buried seeds of Canavalia maritima, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Chamaecrista chamaecristoides, Palafoxia lindenii, and Ambrosia artemisiifolia at different depths. We used fresh- and seawater flooding with two frequencies: permanent and intermittent. The hard-coated seeds of Canavalia, Ipomoea, and Chamaecrista were left scarified and not scarified to test if dormancy was broken by the flooding regimes. Germination decreased as burial depth increased. We calculated a tolerance index for the burial responses, which indicated that Chamaecrista was the most tolerant species, followed by Canavalia and Palafoxia. Flooding inhibited germination, but more so permanent seawater flooding; it was especially lethal for species closest to the ocean such as Canavalia and Ipomoea. After transfer to freshwater, seeds of Chamaecrista, Palafoxia, and Ambrosia germinated. There was no evidence that hard-coat dormancy was broken by flooding. Tolerance to burial seems to be related to the spatial distribution of species but not to germination responses to flooding.Key words: germination, sand burial, freshwater, seawater, flooding, Gulf of Mexico.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".