Characterization of fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Arkansas and Missouri
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases are a major concern to the wine- and table-grape industries worldwide, limiting both vineyard longevity and productivity. Field surveys conducted throughout the grape-growing regions of Arkansas and Missouri revealed the presence of three economically important grapevine trunk diseases including, Botryosphaeria canker, Eutypa dieback and esca. Morphological studies along with multi-gene phylogenetical analyses confirmed the identification of 15 different fungal taxa associated with different vascular symptoms. These include Botryosphaeria dothidea , Diatrypella sp., Diplodia seriata , Dothiorella americana , Eutypa lata , Eutypella vitis , Lasiodiplodia missouriana , Lasiodiplodia viticola , Neofusicoccum ribis , Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme , Pestalotiopsis sp., Pestalotiopsis uvicola , Phaeomoniella chlamydospora , Phomopsis viticola , Schyzophyllum commune , and Togninia minima . All of these represent new records on grapevines in Arkansas and Missouri. Dothiorella americana , L. missouriana and L. viticola are described as new species, and both N. ribis and N. vitifusiforme are first reported as grapevine pathogens in North America. Koch’s postulates confirmed the pathogenicity of all fungal species except S. commune in the interspecific hybrids Vignoles, Chambourcin, Norton, and Traminette. Lasiodiplodia spp., N. ribis , and P. viticola were the most virulent fungi, while D. americana , E. vitis and N. vitifusiforme were considered to be weak pathogens. This research highlights the importance that grapevine trunk diseases have on grapevine health in growing regions where, due to different climatological conditions, interspecific hybrid cultivars are predominantly grown.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".