Nonlinear forms of laser beam propagation in a photopolymerizable medium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Detailed studies of the dynamics of a continuous wave, visible laser beam propagating in a photopolymerizable organosiloxane are presented. Experiments carried out at intensities ranging across ten orders of magnitude (3.2 x 10-5 Wcm-2 to 12732 Wcm-2) revealed three types of nonlinear behaviour. In the low-intensity regime, the beam self-trapped and exhibited complex oscillatory behaviour, which signified the excitation of high-order modes in its self-inscribed waveguide during self-trapping. This is consistent with previous theoretical predictions of self-trapping in 1-photon systems including photopolymers. In the mid-intensity regime, the beam underwent spatial self-phase modulation, which elicited spatial diffraction rings. While this phenomenon has been observed in Kerr, liquid crystals and absorptive materials, it has until now been neither theoretically nor experimentally observed in photopolymers. Rapid and large refractive index changes induced in the high-intensity regime caused filamentation of the beam. These studies provide a comprehensive overview of nonlinear light propagation in photopolymers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".