The effect of a PEEP valve on a Laerdal neonatal self‐inflating resuscitation bag
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Self-inflating bags are used to provide ventilation during neonatal resuscitation. However, they cannot provide positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) unless a PEEP valve is attached. The ability of Laerdal neonatal self-inflating bags fitted with PEEP valves to reliably deliver PEEP is unclear. The aim of this study was to measure the delivered PEEP at different set PEEP levels and inflation rates. METHODS: We connected disposable and non-disposable 240 mL Laerdal self-inflating resuscitation bags fitted with PEEP valves to a leak-free test lung. We measured PEEP delivered with the valve set at 5, 7 and 10 cm H(2)O whilst inflating the test lung at rates of 20, 40 and 60 min. Studies were done with 8 L/min of gas flow and with no gas flow. RESULTS: The PEEP delivered was close to the set level immediately after inflation but declined rapidly between inflations. The mean PEEP was higher with faster ventilation rates. When PEEP was set at 7 cm H(2)O, using a non-disposable bag, and an inflation rate of 60/min the mean (SD) PEEP was 5.4 (0.19) cm H(2)O. The PEEP delivered was unrelated to the gas flow into the device. CONCLUSION: The 240 mL Laerdal self-inflating bag with a PEEP valve delivers PEEP that loses pressure quickly. The level of PEEP delivered is less than that set, particularly at rates below 40/min.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".