Perception of second-language (L2) production by first-language (L1) speakers of different dialectal backgrounds: The case of Japanese-speaking learners’ /u/ perceived by French and Quebec native speakers.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The high back rounded /u/ of Parisian French (PF) is characterized by a concentration of energy in the low frequency zone (< 1000 Hz) due to the grouping of the first two formants, while Quebec French (QF) has a “lax” variant [U] in closed syllables (as in “soupe”), with its F2 amounting to 1000–1100 Hz [P. Martin, “Le système vocalique du français du Québec. De l’acoustique à la phonologie.” La linguistique, 38(2), 71–88 (2002)]. Japanese-speaking learners of French (JSL) tend to produce French /u/ with high F2 as in Japanese /u/, which in turn tends to be perceived by PF listeners as /φ/. Do QF listeners show different behavior because of their lax variant of /u/? Our perception experiment using 18 tokens each of /u y φ/ produced by five JSL showed that the 16 PF listeners examined perceived those stimuli of /u/ with F2 between 1000 and 1100 Hz as /u/ and /φ/ almost equally often, but considered as very poor exemplars of either of them. By contrast, the 16 QF listeners tested identified the same stimuli of /u/ almost always as /u/ with a better goodness rating than NF listeners’. These findings suggest that native speakers’ judgment about non-native speakers’ production might depend on the native dialect of the listener.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".