Trends in the survival of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma between 1976 and 2005 in Sihui, China: a population-based study
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Both the incidence and mortality of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) have decreased in Hong Kong and Taiwan but not in mainland China. The goal of this study was to analyze trends in NPC patient survival between 1976 and 2005 in Sihui, an area of mainland China with a population at high risk for NPC. A total of 1,761 patients diagnosed with NPC between 1976 and 2005 according to the records of Sihui Cancer Registry were followed to the end of 2006. We determined their observed and relative survival rates and used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to predict prognosis. Our results showed that the 5-year and 10-year observed survival rates of NPC patients in Sihui were 50.5% and 36.9%, respectively, and the median survival time was 5.1 years. The 5-year observed survival rate of NPC patients diagnosed after 2000 was 69.8%, significantly higher than that of patients diagnosed between 1976 and 1985 (42.5%; P < 0.001, relative risk = 0.28). Similarly, the 5-year relative survival rate was 84.8% between 2000 and 2005 but 51.8% between 1976 and 1985. Besides date of diagnosis, other prognostic factors included patient sex and age and NPC clinical stage and histologic type. The relative risks of death from NPC were 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-0.90] for female comparing to male and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.00-1.64) for WHO type I comparing to WHO types II and III. For the eldest age group and the latest clinical stage group, the relative risks were 2.22 (95% CI: 1.73-2.84) and 3.41 (95% CI: 2.34-4.49), respectively. Our results indicate that the survival of NPC patients in Sihui has significantly increased in recent years and this increase is not influenced by patient's sex, age, histologic type, and clinical stage. A reduction in mortality rate is expected in coming years.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it