Comparison of the In Situ and In Vivo Intestinal Disappearance of Ruminally Protected Methionine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We designed a switchback expriment to compare the intestinal disappearance of ruminally protected Met determined in situ or in vivo over three consecutive periods. Four nonlactating Holstein heifers (477+/-36 kg) with cannulae in the rumen, duodenum, and ileum were fed a diet based on timothy silage to meet requirements for maintenance (dry matter intake = 8.72+/-0.15 kg). A total of 16 bags, containing 1.5 g of ruminally protected Met, were incubated in the rumen (4.5 h) of each cow and transferred to an acid-pepsin solution to simulate the abomasum (2.5 h). Following each incubation, bags were recovered and three bags were dried at 55 degrees C and analyzed for Met. Remaining bags were introduced directly into the duodenal or ileal cannula for the in situ method, while for the in vivo method, the content of remaining bags was transferred into gelatin capsules before their introduction in the duodenal or ileal cannula. Spot samples of digesta were collected during a 96-h period, with Co-EDTA and Cr-mordanted fiber used as indigestible markers to estimate in vivo digestibility. The disappearance of Met in the small intestine determined in vivo tended to be higher than in situ (74.45 vs. 43.65+/-1.79%). Our results indicate that when used to assess intestinal availability of ruminally protected Met, the mobile nylon bag technique can underestimate the true bioavailability of Met.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".