Structural diversity of the core oligosaccharide domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium that is ubiquitous in the environment and generally considered to be a saprophyte, but it is also an important opportunistic human pathogen. Pseudomonas aeruginosa elaborates a variety of virulence factors, one of which is lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS of P. aeruginosa is composed of three distinct regions: lipid A, core oligosaccharide (OS), and the long-chain O antigen. The core OS of P. aeruginosa is composed of L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid, D-galactosamine, D-glucose, and L-rhamnose. Non-carbohydrate substituents are also found in the core OS including phosphate, 2-aminoethyl (di)phosphate, acetyl, alanyl and carbamoyl groups. Pseudomonas aeruginosa simultaneously synthesizes two core glycoforms, namely, capped and uncapped core. The capped core is covalently attached to an O antigen, whereas the uncapped core is devoid of O antigen. Although the core of P. aeruginosa LPS is relatively conserved, strain-to-strain variability of its structure exists. This includes phosphorylation pattern, the level of O-acetylation, and the presence or absence of a fourth glucose residue at the distal end of the uncapped core. A number of studies have been reported on the structures of unique truncated core OS with unusual modifications. This mini-review summarizes the diversity of P. aeruginosa complete and truncated core OS structures published over the past fifteen years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".