Gender Differences in Hip Joint Kinematics and Kinetics During Side-Step Cutting Maneuver
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Based on the recent suggestion that proximal hip control may be related to a predisposition to anterior cruciate ligament injury, our purpose was to identify gender differences in hip mechanics between female athletes who previously demonstrated greater knee valgus moments and their male counterparts. DESIGN: Descriptive laboratory study. SETTING: Testing was conducted in a biomechanics research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty collegiate soccer players (15 women and 15 men) participated in this study. All subjects were healthy with no current complaints of lower extremity injury. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Three-dimensional hip joint kinematics and kinetics were collected while subjects performed a side-step cutting maneuver. Gender differences in hip mechanics were compared using independent sample t tests. RESULTS: Compared with male athletes, female athletes demonstrated significantly greater hip internal rotation and decreased hip flexion. In addition, female athletes demonstrated significantly greater hip adductor moments as well as decreased hip extensor moments. CONCLUSION: Overall, it appeared that female athletes moved into greater hip internal rotation and used less sagittal plane hip motion during the early deceleration phase of the cutting maneuver. The findings of this investigation support the premise that altered hip kinematics and kinetics may influence loading at the knee. Future studies are needed to further explore the impact of these differences on knee loading and to ascertain the underlying causes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".