CHEMICAL AND SODA PULPING PROPERTIES OF KENAF AS A FUNCTION OF GROWTH
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kenaf (Hibiscus canabinus)is a promising non-wood source of fibre for pulping and papermaking. Because the chemical and physical composition of the plant changes as the plant develops, research is needed to determine its pulping properties at various stages of growth in order to establish the optimum harvesting time. In the present work, the chemical composition and pulping properties of kenaf as a function of growth have been studied. Kenaf plants were harvested at the end of 90, 120, 150, and 200 days (maturity). Extractive-free ground samples of the stem were cooked at three different temperatures, 140, 155, and 170°C, using soda cooking liquor of 32 g/L NaOH, with an active alkali charge of 15% as Na2O, and a liquor-to-wood ratio of 6:1. The differences in the holocellulose and lignin content for 90, 120, and 150-day old kenaf were not significant, while 200-day-old kenaf was significantly different from others. Pulping of kenaf at various stages of growth indicated that soda pulping properties were not significant. In comparing the yields of kenaf pulps, it is observed that; over the whole range of cooking times and temperatures studied, the average yield for 150-day-old kenaf is highest at 60.4%. Kenaf can be harvested at the end of 150-day growth period, based on the results of chemical analyses to achieve higher yield, with lower lignin content.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".