Offshore Open End Steel Tubular Piles-A Case History
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Steel piles of 1,219 and 1,016 mm diameter were driven open end in 16 to 20 m of water, to 36 to 44 m depth in marine soils of variable, but generally silty sand composition. The 308 piles support marine structures requiring maximum compression and tension service loads of 5,702 kN and 2,650 kN. The piles drove easily without soil plug development and driving resistances did not mirror the SPT profiles. Dynamic tests and CAPWAP analyses indicated soil set-up was essential to achieve pile capacities, but no clear trend emerged regarding required set-up duration. A pile subjected to static tension and dynamic compression tests indicated the static tension resistance was equivalent to 72 % of the dynamic shaft resistance and to K = 0.5. A static compression test on an unplugged pile indicated the average external/internal unit shaft resistance was 75 % of the unit tension resistance and about 50 % of the API predicted unit shaft resistance. External and internal friction was not equal and was grossly overestimated by the API method. Static and dynamic tests on another test pile indicated plugging had developed, as at this location internal shaft resistance was greater than toe end bearing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".