AN ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPLETE THROUGH THICKNESS RESIDUAL STRESS DISTRIBUTION AFTER THE SPLIT SLEEVE COLD EXPANSION OF FASTENER HOLES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Due to its nature, the cold expansion of holes is a three-dimensional process. However, most analytical and experimental techniques developed for determining residual strains and stresses at cold expanded holes are two-dimensional. In the present work, the method of step drilling was used to construct the through thickness pattern of residual hoop stress at a specific orientation of a split sleeve cold expanded hole. Thus, stress distribution in three dimensions was sketched in detail as a topography to portray the stress field at the vicinity of the hole. At this orientation and particularly at the mid-section, stress profiles predicted by the methods of Fourier series expansion, neutron diffraction and a recent finite element analysis are in good agreement with that of the step drilling method. A comparison was also carried out between the topographies of step drilling and neutron diffraction. Good correlation was obtained especially when gauge volume averaging was taken into account.À cause de sa nature, l’expansion à froid de trous est un procédé tridimensionnel. Cependant, la plupart des techniques analytiques et expérimentales développées afin de déterminer les déformations et contraintes résiduelles aux trous expansés à froid sont bidimensionnelles. Dans le courant travail, on a utilisé la méthode du perçage par étape pour construire le schéma dans le sens de l’épaisseur de l’effort circonférentiel résiduel à une orientation spécifique d’un trou expansé à froid d’un fourreau fendu. Ainsi, l’on a dessiné la distribution de la contrainte tridimensionnelle comme étant une topographie pour représenter en détail le champ de contrainte au voisinage du trou. À cette orientation et particulièrement à la mi-section, les profils de contrainte prédits par les méthodes d’expansion de la série de Fourier, de la diffraction des neutrons et une analyse récente par éléments finis, sont en bon accord avec ceux de la méthode du perçage par étape. On a également effectué une comparaison entre les topographies du perçage par étape et ceux de la diffraction des neutrons. On a obtenu une bonne corrélation, spécialement lorsque la moyenne du volume de la sonde est prise en compte.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".