Experimental Study of Optical Scattering and Fiber Orientation Determination of Softwood and Hardwood with Different Surface Finishes
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Optical scattering from wood of different surface finishes has been experimentally investigated. It has been found that for planed-Hemlock samples the scattering intensity distribution in the direction across the wood fibers is very close to perfect diffuse reflection, while that in the direction along the fibers appears as the combination of diffuse and specular reflection. The increase of wood surface roughness reduces the difference between these two scattering intensity distributions. The difference provides the basis for determining wood fiber orientation by measuring the scattering intensity variation with fiber orientation. When the sample surface becomes very rough, such as a rough sawn or porous hardwood sample, the scattering from the uneven surface overwhelms the difference and creates a difficulty in fiber orientation measurement. To solve the problem, we have been employed optical polarization detection in the investigation. With this detection method, for the samples used in this work, the intensity variation of the scattering vs. fiber orientation appears periodic despite the different surface finishes. With the help of Fourier analysis, fiber orientations of the rough sawn softwood and porous hardwood samples under investigation can be precisely measured.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it