Growth, photosynthesis, and gene expression in <i>Chlamydomonas</i> over a range of CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and CO<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> ratios: CO<sub>2</sub> regulates multiple acclimation states
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Growth, photosynthesis, and induction of two low CO2-inducible genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard strain CC125 were quantified in a range of physiologically relevant CO2 and O2 concentrations (5%0.005% CO2 and 20% or 2% O2) using airlift bioreactors to facilitate the simultaneous measurement of both growth and in situ photosynthetic rates. Within these CO2 concentration ranges, O2 concentrations (20% vs. 2%) had no discernable effect on growth, photosynthetic rate, or induction of the periplasmic carbonic anhydrase (Cah1) and glycolate dehydrogenase (Gdh) genes in wild-type C. reinhardtii. These results failed to support the hypothesis that the CO2/O2 ratio plays any role in signaling for the up-regulation of limiting CO2-induced genes and (or) of the CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM). The mRNA abundance of the Cah1 and Gdh genes appeared to be regulated in concert, suggesting co-regulation by the same signaling pathway, which, because of a lack of an O2 effect, seems unlikely to involve photorespiration or a photorespiratory metabolite. Instead, it appeared that the CO2 concentration alone was responsible for regulation of limiting CO2 acclimation responses. Based on growth, photosynthesis, and gene expression characteristics, three distinct CO2-regulated physiological states were recognized within the studied parameters, a high CO2 (5%0.5%) state, a low CO2 (0.4%0.03%) state, and a very low CO2 (0.01%0.005%) state. Induction of Cah1 expression and Gdh up-regulation occurred at a CO2 concentration between 0.5% and 0.4% CO2, delineating the high from the low CO2 states. Photosynthetic characteristics also were distinct in the three CO2-regulated physiological states, e.g., the estimated K0.5(CO2) of the high CO2, low CO2, and very low CO2 states were 72, 10, and 0.9 µmol·L1 CO2, respectively. In addition to a greater photosynthetic CO2 affinity, the very low CO2 state could be distinguished from the low CO2 state by an increased cell-doubling time and a smaller cell size.Key words: algae, Chlamydomonas, CO2, gene expression, induction, photorespiration, photosynthesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".