Phenotypic Effects of the Flowering Gene Complex in Canadian Spring Wheat Germplasm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) has inherent genetic potential to synchronize its flowering and maturity to a broad growing period and is therefore one of the most widely adapted and grown food crops. Vernalization and photoperiod response genes are of primary importance to this adaptability. We screened 102 Canadian spring wheat cultivars and/or lines, developed between 1885 and 2008, from the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS), Canada Prairie Spring Red (CPSR), and Canada Western Soft White Spring (CWSWS) classes and studied their phenotypic response both in the field and the greenhouse. Almost all the hard red cultivars possessed the Vrn‐A1a gene either alone or in combination with the dominant Vrn‐B1 while 74% of the higher yielding soft white lines possessed the Vrn‐B1 gene alone or in combination with other Vrn genes. The Vrn‐A1a alone or in combination with the Vrn‐B1 gene was the most potent gene conferring early maturity. Ppd‐D1a did not alter flowering and maturity in the hard red cultivars tested in the field but did in the greenhouse. Ppd‐D1a reduced days to flowering for soft white spring wheat but did not alter maturity. The photoperiod sensitive gene ( Ppd‐D1b ) is being replaced with the insensitive gene, Ppd‐D1a , in most modern Canadian germplasm, suggesting its adaptive advantages in the prairies. An overall analysis of the data for the hard red class revealed a declining trend of 0.04 d yr −1 in days to maturity in cultivars released from 1885 to 2008 and an increase of 8 kg ha −1 yr −1 in grain yield. The findings of this study may aid wheat breeders selecting parents with appropriate vernalization and photoperiod gene complexes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".