La bureaucratie représentative au sein des états multinationaux
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The authors provide a comparative analysis of representative bureaucracy in multinational states, described as being states with more than one group which defines itself as a nation. A clear distinction is made between multinational states (with their historically, culturally and ethnically established minorities) and multiethnic states (with their ethnic communities made up of different waves of immigration, whose culture is more reflected in family life and associations). The authors have selected four types of multinational state in which specific notions of the state, the civil service and national minority representation have gradually become dominant : Turkey, a unitary state, is characterised by extremely passive representation owing to its “Republicanist ideology”; the United Kingdom before 1997, a “union state”, had active representation resulting from a “unionist ideology”; Canada, a federal state, is characterised by a degree of passive representation which reflects the importance given to liberal values ; and Nigeria, a “federal communitarianist state”, stands out for its extremely active representation, which is the result of “communitarianist ideology”.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it