Left-handed behavior of split-ring resonators: Optical measurements and numerical analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The periodic double-ring split-ring resonator (SRR) array was one of the first proposed magnetic metamaterials for the realization of a negative index of refraction. We experimentally and numerically study double-ring SRRs on silicon substrates in the midinfrared frequency regime. For light at normal incidence, we observe that an electric resonance in the outer ring and a magnetic resonance in the inner ring exist at similar frequencies in our sample, which suggests that the double-ring SRR array could simultaneously have a negative permittivity and a negative permeability, or a left-handed behavior. Our conjecture are confirmed by numerical simulations. We also propose a left-handed metamaterial composed of two single-ring SRRs in each unit cell. The left-handed behaviors in the two metamaterials studied here originate only from the SRR itself. Thus, there are no metallic continuous wires involved in the devices compared to conventional left-handed SRR metamaterials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".