On the calculation of the available potential energy of an isolated perturbation in a density-stratified fluid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two methods for calculating the available potential energy (APE) of an isolated feature in a density-stratified fluid, such as an internal solitary wave or an eddy, are compared. The first formulation calculates the APE by integrating the perturbation potential energy density E w . The second uses an available potential energy density E a . Both formulations are based on the reference density obtained by adiabatically rearranging the density field to a state of minimum energy. It is shown, under more general conditions than used previously, that (i) the integrals of E w and E a over a finite domain are identical; and (ii) that for an isolated feature in an unbounded domain, the far-field density $\bar\rho(z)$ can be used as the reference density if E a is used to find the APE. This is not the case when E w is used, hence use of the available potential energy density formulation is simpler in this situation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".