D1 receptor antagonist-induced long-term depression in the medial prefrontal cortex of rat, in vivo: an animal model of psychiatric hypofrontality
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of the following experiment was to induce a pathogenic hypofrontal condition by administering a dopamine-1 receptor (D(1)R) antagonist to rats. The pathophysiological effect of this manipulation upon glutamate-based long-term potentiation (LTP) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was examined in vivo. Subjects were surgically implanted with stimulating electrodes into the corpus callosum and recording electrodes into the mPFC. High-frequency stimulation (HFS) was combined with the administration of the selective D(1)R family agonist A68930 hydrochloride (0.4 mg/kg/mL) and the selective D(1)R family antagonist SKF 83566 (0.15 mg/kg/mL). The administration of SKF 83566 hydrobromide prevented mPFC LTP, and resulted in HFS-induced long-term depression. This indicates that D(1)R activation is necessary for the induction of mPFC glutamate-based LTP. This is supported by our finding that the administration of A68930 hydrochloride combined with HFS induced LTP comparable with saline control levels, suggesting that D(1)R activation is necessary for the induction of baseline levels of mPFC LTP. Given that the mPFC governs executive behaviours that are subserved by LTP, such as working memory, these findings are relevant for the study of psychopathological conditions in which hypodopaminergic conditions exist in the mPFC and are correlated with psychiatric symptomotology, such as drug addiction and schizophrenia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".