The Spatial Variation of Extreme Tooth Breakage in an Herbivore and Potential Age Structure Effects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Teeth are essential in mammals for the capture, handling and processing of food and self-defense. The rate of deterioration may affect longevity and indicate certain environmental conditions. The goal of this study was to characterize tooth conditions of moose (Alces alces) from multiple regions and to make inferences of possible causes of variation. An assessment of > 5500 moose incisors, found that the frequency of breakage and rate of decline in incisor integrity, with age, was much higher in Cape Breton and Newfoundland (breakage from 6% to 47%) than in New Brunswick, Ontario, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Yukon (breakage from 1% to 6%). Incisai degradation, among jurisdictions, differed significantly though population age structures did not appear different. The two jurisdictions most affected by incisai deterioration, Cape Breton and Newfoundland, are inhabited by genetically distinct subspecies, at higher densities than other regions; therefore, breakage may be linked to local environmental conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".