Downregulation of the Endothelin System of Lung Myofibroblasts in Congestive Heart Failure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) causes lung remodelling with thickening of the alveolar septa and proliferation of myofibroblasts (MYF). Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is increased in CHF and may contribute to this process. CHF was induced in rats by myocardial infarction. After three weeks there was lung remodelling with thickening of alveolar septa and increases in 5'-bromodeoxyuridine uptake and vimentin expression (P < 0.05). The mitogenic and protein synthesis response of MYF to ET-1 (10 nM) were assessed by H-thymidine and H-leucine incorporation respectively. The mitogenic response in CHF (19.0 +/- 3.0%, mean +/- SEM) was less than for sham rats (35 +/- 5.4%, P < 0.05). This was associated with a lower production of ET-1 by CHF MYF (15.15 +/- 5.67 fmol/ml) compared to sham (33.66 +/- 13.22 fmol/ml; P < 0.05). Additionally, protein expression of ETA (0.36 +/- 0.038 AU) and ETB receptors (0.24 +/- 0.075 AU) were reduced in CHF compared to shams (0.65 +/- 0.086 AU and 0.81 +/- 0.21 AU respectively; P < 0.05). There is a downregulation of the ET system of lung MYF in CHF with reduced proliferation in response to ET-1. This may represent a protective adaptation to counteract lung remodelling in response to chronic exposure to high levels of ET-1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".