Feasibility of a PVDF Receiver for Monitoring of Transcranial Therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An MRI compatible PVDF receiver was designed and manufactured for integration into a transcranial therapy array. 4.8 mm diameter, 110 μm thick PVDF film was air‐backed by clamping it across brass tubing. A preamplifier was enclosed within the tubing to improve SNR and drive the long coaxial cables required to reach outside the MRI. The receiver was mounted inside a ring element from an existing array. The receiver performance was compared with a commercial needle hydrophone and tested for MRI compatibility. The PVDF receiver displayed a higher sensitivity than the needle hydrophone and a better capability to reject electrical coupling with the transmit element. MRI image artifacts created by the device were small, and diagnostic ultrasound was possible with the device while simultaneously obtaining an MRI image. Microbubble contrast agent was sonicated both directly, and through a fragment of human skull. The transmit/receive pair was successful in sonicating the microbubbles transcranially and detecting the returning microbubble emissions. A second generation receiver with a diameter of 2.4 mm was manufactured, without sacrificing sensitivity, to increase the field of view of the device. Future work will focus on developing a multi‐element receiver array and its testing for brain treatment monitoring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".