Choice Reaction Time and Adequacy of Dialysis: A New Application of an Old Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Choice Reaction Time (CRT) is the time it takes for a subject to accurately respond to a flashing panel of lights. The CRT has been used to assess the quality of dialysis in hemodialysis patients and to assess the neurological impairments in patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS: Three groups of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on three different renal replacement therapies were tested using CRT: intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD, n = 11), thrice weekly hemodialysis (HD, n = 22), and well-functioning kidney transplant (Tx, n = 6). A group of volunteers with normal renal function (NL, n = 12) was also tested. RESULTS: The CRT was significantly longer in IPD patients (618 +/- 89 ms) than observed in the other three groups (p < 0.0001). CRT in HD patients was 461 +/- 50 ms, which was significantly longer than in Tx patients (396 +/- 25 ms, p = 0.05). However, the CRT in the Tx patients was no different from the NL (382 +/- 22, p = 0.32). There was a strong negative correlation between CRT and weekly creatinine clearance in the IPD group (r =- .96) and between the dialysis index and CRT in HD (r =- 0.79). CONCLUSIONS: CRT may be a useful tool in assessing the adequacy of dialysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.048 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".