Damage induced by low-energy electrons in solid films of tetrahydrofuran
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report on the low-energy electron-induced production of aldehydes within thin solid films of tetrahydrofuran (THF) condensed on a solid Kr substrate. The aldehyde fragments, which remain trapped within the bulk of the THF film, are detected in situ via their 3,1(n-->pi*) and 3(pi-->pi*) electronic transitions and vibrational excitations in the ground state using high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. The production of aldehyde is studied as a function of the electron exposure, film thickness, and incident electron energy between 1 and 18.5 eV. The aldehyde production is calibrated in terms of an electron scattering cross section, which is found to be typically 6-7 x 10(-17) cm(2) between 11 and 19 eV. Its energy dependence is characterized by a small feature around 3 eV, a strong rise from 6 eV up to a maximum at 12.5 eV, followed by two structures centered around 15 and 18 eV. The aldehyde production is discussed in terms of the formation of electron resonances or transient anion states, which may lead to the fragmentation of the molecule and explain the structures seen in the energy dependence of the measured cross section.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".