Development of Skeletal Muscle Sodium and Potassium Currents in Zebrafish <i>sofa potato</i> Mutants
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In some cells, the development of voltage-gated channels requires synaptic input, while in others it does not. Here we investigate whether the sodium and potassium currents in the skeletal muscle of zebrafish <i>sofa potato</i> (<i>sop</i><sup>–/–</sup>) mutants develop normally. Zebrafish <i>sop</i><sup>–/–</sup> mutants do not express nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions, and therefore do not exhibit synaptic activity in muscle. We find that in both red and white muscle fibers, <i>sop</i><sup>–/–</sup> mutants are able to support normal potassium current development during early stages of development [1–3 days post fertilization (dpf)], but at 6 dpf the potassium current density is significantly smaller than that in their phenotypically wild-type siblings (<i>sop</i><sup>+/?</sup><i>)</i>. In contrast, sodium current density is unaffected. The steady-state properties of potassium currents are unaltered in the <i>sop</i><sup>–/–</sup> mutants, but there is a significant difference in the V<sub>50</sub> of inactivation of sodium currents. This is the first study in zebrafish to investigate activity-dependent mechanisms of ion channel development and our results indicate that some aspects of ion current development in skeletal muscle require synaptic activity, whereas others do not.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it