Performance, carcass cut‐up and fatty acids deposition in broilers fed different levels of pellet‐processed flaxseed
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The effects of flaxseed (FS) processing and inclusion levels on broiler performance and fatty acid deposition were examined. FS was provided as whole seed, ground or pellet‐then‐mashed at a dietary level of 0, 12 or 14% during days 1 to 21. These levels represented control, threshold and over‐threshold, respectively. During days 22 to 40, the threshold level was increased to 15%, while the over‐threshold level increased to 17%. After 21 days of feeding, the performance of birds fed a diet with 12% pellet‐then‐mashed FS were comparable (p > 0.05) with those fed mashed control diet, but superior to those fed a diet of whole FS (p < 0.05). There was interaction (p < 0.05) between diet processing and FS level on weight gain, with pellet‐then‐mash processing being more effective at the 12% FS inclusion level than at the 14% level in improving performance. The beneficial processing effect on performance diminished during days 22 to 40. Furthermore, carcass cut‐up percentage was not affected (p > 0.05) by the treatments, except that increased FS level resulted in smaller fat‐pad and larger liver (p < 0.05). Birds deposited omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acids in breast and thigh muscle the most with higher FS inclusion and pellet‐then‐mash processing. On day 40, the total n‐3 fatty acids made up 22.1 and 24.4% in the muscle lipids of breast and thigh samples from birds fed pellet‐then‐mashed FS at the level of 12% during days 1 to 21 and at the level of 15% during days 22 to 40, respectively. These values were higher (p < 0.05) than those found in birds fed diets of similar FS levels but as whole seed or ground seed. Up to 12% pellet‐processed FS can be incorporated into broiler diets with satisfactory growth, while maximizing n‐3 fatty acid deposition in the tissues. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".