Changes in the tree and shrub layer of Wytham Woods (Southern England) 1974–2012: local and national trends compared
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Changes in the woody composition of Wytham Woods since 1974 are described, related to national trends in broadleaved woodland, and used to suggest the impact of future changes such as from ash dieback disease (Chalara fraxinea). Data on the tree and shrub layer from 164 permanent 10 × 10 m plots distributed in a grid across the Woods are presented from 1974, 1991, 1999 and 2012, on species occurrence, regeneration, contribution to the canopy and basal area. Variations in the current and past composition and structure of the Woods are related to past forestry management and natural succession/disturbance processes. These largely mirror changes shown by other surveys at a national level. Fraxinus excelsior has been increasing in prominence across the Woods since 1974, but its future is uncertain because of disease. The species most likely to increase if there is a severe decline in F. excelsior at Wytham appear to be Acer pseudoplatanus, Corylus avellana and Quercus robur. There are benefits from linking long-term studies at one site to wider less detailed surveys in order to explore the general applicability of the results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".