Biological control of damping-off and root rot caused by<i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>on greenhouse cucumbers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Damping-off and root rot of greenhouse cucumbers grown in rock wool, caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, is a recurring problem for growers throughout the major production areas of Canada. Four commercially formulated biocontrol agents, Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61 (Mycostop®), Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (RootshieldTM Drench), Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (SoilGardTM 12G), and Gliocladium catenulatum strain J1446 (PrestopTM WP, Prestop mix) were evaluated in growth-chamber and greenhouse trials conducted over 2 years for efficacy against this disease. The agents were applied twice, once at seeding time and again 11 days later, as a drench (or incorporated into the sawdust medium for SoilGard). This was followed by inoculation with a P. aphanidermatum mycelial suspension 12 days after seeding. In growth-chamber trials conducted at 28–30 °C and 90% relative humidity, seedling mortality in the treatment receiving P. aphanidermatum alone was over 80%. Only G. catenulatum (Prestop WP) significantly reduced disease incidence and enhanced plant height and fresh mass under these conditions. In greenhouse experiments conducted in the fall seasons of 2001 and 2002, mortality in the treatments receiving P. aphanidermatum alone was about 60%. The most effective biocontrol agent was G. catenulatum (Prestop WP, Prestop mix), followed by S. griseoviridis (Mycostop), which both significantly reduced plant mortality and increased plant height. These results indicate that G. catenulatum, when applied as a preventative treatment, has the potential to significantly reduce root rot and damping-off caused by P. aphanidermatum on greenhouse cucumbers, under conditions of high disease pressure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".