Characterization of programmed cell death in the endosperm cells of tomato seed: two distinct death programs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a requisite, genetically controlled process in plants resulting in the death of particular cells and tissues and the recycling of the cellular constituents back to the organism. PCD in the lateral and micropylar endosperm cells during and following germination of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) seeds was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, by terminal d-UTP nick-end labelling of nuclei, and agarose gel electrophoretic analysis of genomic DNA. Postgerminative cells of lateral and micropylar endosperm displayed morphologies and terminal d-UTP nick-end labelling positive nuclei consistent with PCD. PCD was not detected in the lateral endosperm in the absence of the embryo. The embryo’s effect on promoting lateral endosperm PCD could be substituted with gibberellic acid at 50 μmol/L. Micropylar endosperm cells undergo PCD irrespective of incubation with or without the embryo; gibberellic acid only hastens the onset of PCD morphology. Precursor protease vesicles, novel endoplasmic reticulum derived organelles considered markers of PCD, were observed in postgerminative lateral and micropylar endosperm cells. Internucleosomal laddering was not detected in endospermic DNA. These results suggest that a late postimbibition gibberellic acid linked mechanism promotes PCD in the lateral endosperm, whereas the promotion of PCD in the micropylar endosperm occurs early in, or prior to, imbibition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".