Growth Status and Estimated Growth Rate of Young Distance Runners
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A mixed-longitudinal design was used to evaluate the growth status (size attained) and estimated growth rate of competitive young distance runners. Twenty-seven male and 27 female distance runners were enrolled in the study based on race performance times. Ages ranged from 8.0 to 15.1 years at initial visit. Twenty males and 16 females were followed at approximate annual intervals for 4 or 5 years. Stature (cm) and body mass (kg) were measured on each occasion and annual growth velocities were estimated. Stature and body mass were plotted relative to age- and sex-specific U.S. reference data, while estimated velocities of stature (cm/yr) and body mass (kg/yr) were plotted relative to age- and sex-specific percentiles from the Zurich Longitudinal Study. Differences in growth pattern between the runners and the reference values were compared statistically with a growth curve estimation regression model. Mean statures of male and female distance runners approximate the reference medians, while mean body masses are slightly below reference medians. Mean stature and body mass also maintain a constant position relative to the reference values in both sexes over time. Estimated velocities for stature and body mass are, on average, similar to age- and sex-specific medians for Swiss youth. Slope values indicate no significant difference in growth patterns between young distance runners and reference values. The findings are consistent with other data indicating that intensive endurance training during childhood and adolescence does not influence size attained and rate of growth in stature and body mass.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".