Experiments on Choking Flow of Subcooled Liquid Through a Simulated Steam Generator Tube Crack
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ability to estimate the leak rates from the through wall cracks in a steam generator tube is important in terms of radiological source terms and overall operational management of steam generators as well as demonstration of the leak-before-break condition. A literature survey showed that there are few data sets available on crack geometries related to steam generator tubing. In this study an experimental program was developed to measure the choking flow rate of subcooled water through well defined simulated steam generator tube crack geometries with L/D < 5.5, and results are compared with models in literature. Two types of test specimens were used in the experimental program. One, a round orifice like hole is created to simulate a pitting type flaw. The others are laser cut slits representing axial cracks. A pressure differential across the crack/break of 6.8 MPa is achieved. As subcooling increasing the flashing discharge rate also increases. A modified Burnel model was identified which predicts experimentally observed choking discharge rates from such geometries well.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".