Post-Stroke Lower Limb Spasticity Alters the Interlimb Temporal Synchronization of Centre of Pressure Displacements Across Multiple Timescales
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lower limb spasticity is a common sensorimotor consequence post-stroke, which further complicates stability control by altering the temporal relationship between individual-limb centre of pressure (COP) displacements. The present work employed the discrete wavelet transform to better understand the influence of lower limb spasticity on the control of standing balance, which occurs across multiple timescales. An 8-level decomposition of the individual-limb COP was performed, using retrospective data from 91 stroke survivors with (n = 29) and without (n = 56) lower limb spasticity. Inter-limb temporal synchrony and spatial symmetry at each timescale were evaluated by the cross correlation coefficient at zero phase-lag and the root mean square ratio, respectively, using the reconstructed time series at each timescale. Reduced temporal synchrony was observed among individuals with lower limb spasticity at frequencies down to 0.20 Hz. The present results suggest that the additional balance control challenges associated with post-stroke lower limb spasticity may be linked to the ability to temporally co-modulate the more rapid COP displacements. This may be particularly problematic if individuals are faced with balance perturbations, which require rapid reactive balance corrections to regain stability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".