Laboratory measurement of seismic velocity dispersion in cracked quartzite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reversible fluid flow within low aspect ratio cracks is expected to cause seismic velocities in hard rock to be strongly frequency dependent. Experimental measurements are necessary to constrain theoretical velocity dispersion models in order to allow comparisons between laboratory measurements at megahertz frequencies, sonic logging at kilohertz frequencies and in-situ exploration seismic at typically 10-300 Hz frequencies, but are rare due to the complexity of low frequency measurements on core samples. Quartzite samples from Cape Sorell, Australia and Alberta, Canada are thermally cracked to induce ~2% crack porosity with aspect ratio <0.01. The shear and Young’s moduli of the samples are measured at frequencies of 0.01-1 Hz and 1 MHz while the samples are dry, saturated with argon and saturated with water over effective pressures of 10-150 MPa. As anticipated, no dispersion is exhibited while the samples are dry. Similarly, no dispersion is observed while the samples are argon saturated as a result of the low viscosity and high compressibility of argon. Water saturation, however, causes significant dispersion in both the shear and Young’s moduli of the samples between the low and high frequency measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".