Effects of Ethylene Oxide and Steam Sterilization on Dialysis‐Induced Cytokine Release by Cuprophan Membrane
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of sterilization modalities on dialysis-induced cytokine release are still unknown. To investigate these effects, 8 patients on chronic hemodialysis were enrolled for evaluating at different intervals interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production (pg/ml/106). They were using a 1.3 m2 ethylene oxide (E3) or steam (E3S) sterilized Cuprophan membrane. The patients underwent a basal test with E3 (A1) and 2 following tests after 1 (B1) and 2 (B2) months of E3S treatment, respectively. Finally, the last test was performed 1 month after the switch to E3 (A2). Il-1beta predialysis release by mononuclear cells was 162 +/- 114 pg/ml/106 in A1, 185 +/- 129 pg/ml/106 in B1, and 226 +/- 138 pg/ml/106 in B2, then decreased to 123 +/- 134 in A2 (p < 0.07). Il-1beta postdialysis levels were 234 +/- 238 pg/ml/106 in A1, 429 +/- 285 pg/ml/106 (B1), and 438 +/- 473 pg/ml/106 (B2) with the steam membrane, decreasing to 204 +/- 134 pg/ml/106 in A2 (p < 0.01). TNF-alpha predialysis basal release (A1) was 826 +/- 817 pg/ml/106, 720 +/- 496 in B1, and 1079 +/- 515 pg/ml/106 in B2, and finally 680 +/- 588 pg/ml/106 in A2 (p < 0.03). In postdialysis TNF-alpha levels were 963 +/- 542 pg/ml/106 in A1, 1,226 +/- 541 pg/ml/106, and 1,183 +/- 776 in B1 and B2 respectively, and 388 +/- 297 pg/ml/106 in A2 (p < 0.003). Steam sterilization seems to induce a higher cytokine release by mononuclear cells when a Cuprophan membrane is used. This finding may be related to a less physiologic action of the steam in the case of Cuprophan membranes. Further studies are needed to clarify this hypothesis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it